ipfs/kubo - v0.41.0 New

Published: Apr 23, 2026

Release Summary

A new Kubo release is here, packed with significant stability fixes, performance enhancements, and powerful new features for node operators.

Highlights

🗑️ Faster Disk Space Reclamation for Providers
This release fixes a major issue where nodes with DHT providing enabled would see continuous disk growth. The provider keystore has been moved to a separate directory (`provider-keystore/`). After each reprovide cycle, the old keystore is completely deleted, ensuring disk space is reclaimed immediately. This resolves a long-standing problem of datastore bloat.

🐛 Fixed Random Daemon Crashes
A long-standing and hard-to-trace bug causing random daemon crashes (often with `nil pointer dereference` errors) during DHT lookups has been fixed. A data race in the routing layer was identified and patched, leading to much greater stability for long-running nodes.

📂 Massive FUSE Mount Improvements
The FUSE implementation has been completely rewritten, moving to the more modern and maintained `hanwen/go-fuse` library. This resolves over a decade's worth of bugs and limitations, making mounted IPFS filesystems far more reliable and usable with standard tools. Key improvements include:
- Functional fsync and ftruncate, allowing editors like vim and tools like `rsync --inplace` to work correctly.
- Support for creating symbolic links (`ln -s`) on writable mounts.
- Correctly reporting free disk space via `statfs`, which fixes macOS Finder errors about "not enough free space" when copying files.
- Faster reads and a fix for a long-standing regression preventing access to bare file CIDs under `/ipfs`.
- Writable mounts can now persist mtime and POSIX mode with new opt-in settings (`Mounts.StoreMtime`, `Mounts.StoreMode`).

🔄 Built-in `ipfs update` Command
Kubo now ships with a built-in ipfs update command that supersedes the external `ipfs-update` tool. You can now easily check for, install, and revert to different Kubo versions directly from the CLI. Use ipfs update check to see if a new version is available and ipfs update install to upgrade.

✨ New `ipfs cid inspect` Command
A handy new command, ipfs cid inspect, has been added to break down a CID into its components (version, multibase, multicodec, multihash). It works offline and is useful for debugging and inspection.

🔀 Advanced Content Providing Strategies
For content providers with large, overlapping datasets, two new experimental modifiers for Provide.Strategy have been introduced:
- +unique: Uses a bloom filter to avoid re-providing shared sub-DAGs between pins, significantly reducing I/O.
- +entities: Goes a step further by announcing only entity roots (files, directories), skipping internal file chunks. This drastically reduces the number of DHT provider records.

📌 Enhanced Pinning and Providing Controls
- ipfs pin add and ipfs pin update now immediately provide the root CID, making newly pinned content discoverable faster. - A new --fast-provide-dag flag is available on `add`, `dag import`, and `pin` commands, giving users fine-tuned control over whether to provide the entire DAG immediately. For users with `Provide.Strategy` set to `pinned`, this makes bulk imports significantly faster by default.

🔗 MFS and CID Consistency Fixes
- The --cid-base flag is now correctly respected across all commands that output CIDs. - An important bug in the Mutable File System (MFS) has been fixed where the configured CID version and hash function (e.g., from Import.CidVersion) could be silently lost during file modifications or daemon restarts. The MFS root now also respects these settings at startup.

Other Notable Changes
- Go 1.26 Upgrade: Kubo is now built with Go 1.26.2, bringing security hardening and performance gains, including 10-40% less GC overhead and faster I/O operations. - CARv2 Imports: Importing CARv2 files over the HTTP API, which previously failed, is now fixed. - Server Profile Hardening: The optional server profile will no longer announce loopback (`127.0.0.1`, `::1`) or non-public IPv6 addresses, improving security and reducing network noise for public nodes. - Safer `object patch`: The ipfs object patch command now validates UnixFS node types to prevent users from accidentally creating corrupt DAGs, guiding them to use the safer ipfs files API instead.

Release Notes

<a href="https://ipshipyard.com/"><img align="right" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/39ed3504-bb71-47f6-9bf8-cb9a1698f272" /></a>

> [!NOTE]
> This release  was brought to you by the [Shipyard](https://ipshipyard.com/) team.

[<img align="right" width="256px" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/c98a63a4-0238-416c-9ef5-3650c8bcb3d9" />](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/c98a63a4-0238-416c-9ef5-3650c8bcb3d9)

- [Overview](#overview)
- [🔦 Highlights](#-highlights)
  - [🗑️ Faster Provide Queue Disk Reclamation](#-faster-provide-queue-disk-reclamation)
  - [✨ New `ipfs cid inspect` command](#-new-ipfs-cid-inspect-command)
  - [🔤 `--cid-base` fixes across all commands](#-cid-base-fixes-across-all-commands)
  - [🔄 Built-in `ipfs update` command](#-built-in-ipfs-update-command)
  - [🖥️ WebUI Improvements](#-webui-improvements)
  - [🔧 Correct provider addresses for custom HTTP routing](#-correct-provider-addresses-for-custom-http-routing)
  - [🔀 `Provide.Strategy` modifiers: `+unique` and `+entities`](#-providestrategy-modifiers-unique-and-entities)
  - [📌 `pin add` and `pin update` now fast-provide root CID](#-pin-add-and-pin-update-now-fast-provide-root-cid)
  - [🌳 New `--fast-provide-dag` flag for fine-tuned provide control](#-new---fast-provide-dag-flag-for-fine-tuned-provide-control)
  - [🛡️ Hardened `Provide.Strategy` parsing](#-hardened-providestrategy-parsing)
  - [🔧 Filestore now respects `Provide.Strategy`](#-filestore-now-respects-providestrategy)
  - [🛡️ `ipfs object patch` validates UnixFS node types](#-ipfs-object-patch-validates-unixfs-node-types)
  - [🔗 MFS: fixed CidBuilder preservation](#-mfs-fixed-cidbuilder-preservation)
  - [📂 FUSE Mount Improvements](#-fuse-mount-improvements)
  - [📦 CARv2 import over HTTP API](#-carv2-import-over-http-api)
  - [🌐 HTTPS proxy support](#-https-proxy-support)
  - [🛡️ `server` profile no longer announces loopback and non-public IPv6 addresses](#-server-profile-no-longer-announces-loopback-and-non-public-ipv6-addresses)
  - [🐹 Go 1.26, Once More with Feeling](#-go-126-once-more-with-feeling)
  - [🐛 Fixed long-standing random daemon crashes during DHT lookups](#-fixed-long-standing-random-daemon-crashes-during-dht-lookups)
  - [📦️ Dependency updates](#-dependency-updates)
- [📝 Changelog](#-changelog)
- [👨‍👩‍👧‍👦 Contributors](#-contributors)

### Overview

### 🔦 Highlights

#### 🗑️ Faster Provide Queue Disk Reclamation

Nodes with significant amount of data and DHT provide sweep enabled (`Provide.DHT.SweepEnabled`, the default since Kubo 0.39) could see their `datastore/` directory grow continuously.  Each reprovide cycle rewrote the provider keystore inside the shared repo  datastore, generating tombstones faster than the storage engine could compact  them, and in default configuration Kubo was slow to reclaim this space.

The provider keystore now lives in a dedicated datastore under `$IPFS_PATH/provider-keystore/`. After each reprovide cycle the old datastore is removed from disk entirely, so space is reclaimed immediately regardless
of storage backend.

On first start after upgrading, stale keystore data is cleaned up from the shared datastore automatically.

To learn more, see [kubo#11096](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/issues/11096), [kubo#11198](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/pull/11198), and [go-libp2p-kad-dht#1233](https://github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p-kad-dht/pull/1233).

#### ✨ New `ipfs cid inspect` command

New subcommand for breaking down a CID into its components. Works offline, supports `--enc=json`.

```console
$ ipfs cid inspect bafybeigdyrzt5sfp7udm7hu76uh7y26nf3efuylqabf3oclgtqy55fbzdi
CID:        bafybeigdyrzt5sfp7udm7hu76uh7y26nf3efuylqabf3oclgtqy55fbzdi
Version:    1
Multibase:  base32 (b)
Multicodec: dag-pb (0x70)
Multihash:  sha2-256 (0x12)
  Length:   32 bytes
  Digest:   c3c4733ec8affd06cf9e9ff50ffc6bcd2ec85a6170004bb709669c31de94391a
CIDv0:      QmbWqxBEKC3P8tqsKc98xmWNzrzDtRLMiMPL8wBuTGsMnR
CIDv1:      bafybeigdyrzt5sfp7udm7hu76uh7y26nf3efuylqabf3oclgtqy55fbzdi
```

See `ipfs cid --help` for all CID-related commands.

#### 🔤 `--cid-base` fixes across all commands

`--cid-base` is now respected by every command that outputs CIDs. Previously `block stat`, `block put`, `block rm`, `dag stat`, `refs local`, `pin remote`, and `files chroot` ignored the flag.

CIDv0 values are now auto-upgraded to CIDv1 when a non-base58btc base is requested, because CIDv0 can only be represented in base58btc.

#### 🔄 Built-in `ipfs update` command

Kubo now ships with a built-in `ipfs update` command that downloads release binaries from GitHub and swaps the current one in place. It supersedes the external [`ipfs-update`](https://github.com/ipfs/ipfs-update) tool, deprecated since [v0.37](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/blob/master/docs/changelogs/v0.37.md#-repository-migration-from-v16-to-v17-with-embedded-tooling).

```console
$ ipfs update check
Update available: 0.40.0 -> 0.41.0
Run 'ipfs update install' to install the latest version.
```

See `ipfs update --help` for the available subcommands (`check`, `versions`, `install`, `revert`, `clean`).

#### 🖥️ WebUI Improvements

IPFS Web UI has been updated to [v4.12.0](https://github.com/ipfs/ipfs-webui/releases/tag/v4.12.0).

##### IPv6 peer geolocation and Peers screen optimizations

The Peers screen now resolves IPv6 addresses to geographic locations, and the geolocation database has been updated to `GeoLite2-City-CSV_20260220`. ([ipfs-geoip v9.3.0](https://github.com/ipfs-shipyard/ipfs-geoip/releases/tag/v9.3.0))

Peer locations load faster thanks to UX optimizations in the underlying ipfs-geoip library.

#### 🔧 Correct provider addresses for custom HTTP routing

Nodes using custom routing (`Routing.Type=custom`) with [IPIP-526](https://github.com/ipfs/specs/pull/526) could end up publishing unresolved `0.0.0.0` addresses in provider records. Addresses are now resolved at provide-time, and when AutoNAT V2 has confirmed publicly reachable addresses, those are preferred automatically. See [#11213](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/issues/11213).

#### 🔀 `Provide.Strategy` modifiers: `+unique` and `+entities`

Experimental opt-in optimizations for content providers with large repositories where multiple recursive pins share most of their DAG structure (e.g. append-only datasets, versioned archives like dist.ipfs.tech).

- `+unique`: bloom filter dedup across recursive pins. Shared subtrees are traversed only once per reprovide cycle instead of once per pin, cutting I/O from O(pins * blocks) to O(unique blocks) at ~4 bytes/CID.
- `+entities`: announces only entity roots (files, directories, HAMT shards), skipping internal file chunks. Far fewer DHT provider records while keeping all content discoverable by file/directory CID. Implies `+unique`.

Example: `Provide.Strategy = "pinned+mfs+entities"`

The default `Provide.Strategy=all` is unchanged. See [`Provide.Strategy`](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/blob/master/docs/config.md#providestrategy) for configuration details and caveats.

The bloom filter precision is tunable via [`Provide.BloomFPRate`](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/blob/master/docs/config.md#providebloomfprate) (default ~1 false positive per 4.75M lookups, ~4 bytes per CID).

#### 📌 `pin add` and `pin update` now fast-provide root CID

`ipfs pin add` and `ipfs pin update` announce the pinned root CID to the routing system immediately after pinning, same as `ipfs add` and `ipfs dag import`. This matters for selective strategies like `pinned+mfs`, where previously the root CID was not announced until the next reprovide cycle (see [`Provide.DHT.Interval`](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/blob/master/docs/config.md#providedhtinterval)). With the default `Provide.Strategy=all`, the blockstore already provides every block on write, so this is a no-op.

Both commands now accept `--fast-provide-root`, `--fast-provide-dag`, and `--fast-provide-wait` flags, matching `ipfs add` and `ipfs dag import`. See [`Import`](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/blob/master/docs/config.md#import) for defaults and configuration.

#### 🌳 New `--fast-provide-dag` flag for fine-tuned provide control

Users with a custom [`Provide.Strategy`](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/blob/master/docs/config.md#providestrategy) (e.g. `pinned`, `pinned+mfs+entities`) now have finer control over which CIDs are announced immediately on `ipfs add`, `ipfs dag import`, `ipfs pin add`, and `ipfs pin update`.

By default, only the root CID is provided right away (`--fast-provide-root=true`). Child blocks are deferred until the next [reprovide cycle](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/blob/master/docs/config.md#providedhtinterval). This keeps bulk imports fast and avoids overwhelming online nodes with provide traffic.

Pass `--fast-provide-dag=true` (or set [`Import.FastProvideDAG`](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/blob/master/docs/config.md#importfastprovidedag)) to provide the full DAG immediately during add, using the active `Provide.Strategy` to determine scope.

`Provide.Strategy=all` (default) is unaffected. It provides every block at the blockstore level regardless of this flag.

> [!NOTE]
> **Faster default imports for `Provide.Strategy=pinned` and `pinned+mfs` users.** Previously, `ipfs add --pin` eagerly announced every block of newly added content as it was written, through an internal DAG service wrapper. This release routes add-time providing through the new `--fast-provide-dag` code path, which defaults to `false`. The result is faster bulk imports and less provide traffic during add: only the root CID is announced immediately (via [`Import.FastProvideRoot`](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/blob/master/docs/config.md#importfastprovideroot)), and child blocks are picked up by the next reprovide cycle (see [`Provide.DHT.Interval`](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/blob/master/docs/config.md#providedhtinterval), default 22h). To restore the previous eager-provide behavior on `ipfs add`, set [`Import.FastProvideDAG=true`](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/blob/master/docs/config.md#importfastprovidedag) (or pass `--fast-provide-dag=true` per command); the walker honors the active `Provide.Strategy`. `Provide.Strategy=all` (the default) is unaffected.

#### 🛡️ Hardened `Provide.Strategy` parsing

Unknown strategy tokens (e.g. typo `"uniuqe"`), malformed delimiters (`"pinned+"`), and invalid combinations (`"all+pinned"`) now produce a clear error at startup instead of being silently ignored.

#### 🔧 Filestore now respects `Provide.Strategy`

Blocks added via the [filestore](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/blob/master/docs/experimental-features.md#ipfs-filestore) or [urlstore](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/blob/master/docs/experimental-features.md#ipfs-urlstore) (`ipfs add --nocopy`) used to ignore [`Provide.Strategy`](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/blob/master/docs/config.md#providestrategy) and were always announced at write time. The filestore is now gated on the strategy the same way the regular blockstore is, so selective strategies get the same [fast-provide knobs](#-new---fast-provide-dag-flag-for-fine-tuned-provide-control) for filestore-backed content that they already had for regular `ipfs add`.

#### 🛡️ `ipfs object patch` validates UnixFS node types

As part of the ongoing deprecation of the legacy `ipfs object` API (which predates HAMTShard directories and CIDv1), the `add-link` and `rm-link` subcommands now validate the root node before mutating it.

These commands operate at the raw `dag-pb` level and can only safely mutate small, flat UnixFS directories. They are unable to update UnixFS metadata (HAMT bitfields, file `Blocksizes`), so using them on files or sharded directories would silently produce invalid DAGs. This is now rejected:

- **File** nodes: rejected (corrupts `Blocksizes`, content lost on read-back)
- **HAMTShard** nodes: rejected (HAMT bitfield not updated, corrupts directory)
- **Non-UnixFS `dag-pb`** nodes: rejected by default
- **Directory** nodes: allowed (the only safe case)

Use `ipfs files` commands (`mkdir`, `cp`, `rm`, `mv`) instead. They handle all directory types correctly, including large sharded directories.

A `--allow-non-unixfs` flag is available on both `ipfs object patch` commands to bypass validation.

#### 🔗 MFS: fixed CidBuilder preservation

`ipfs files` commands now correctly preserve the configured CID version and hash function  (`Import.CidVersion`, `Import.HashFunction`) in all MFS operations. Previously, the `CidBuilder` could be silently lost when modifying file contents, creating nested directories with `mkdir -p`, or restarting the daemon, causing some entries to fall back to CIDv0/sha2-256.

Additionally, the MFS root directory itself now respects [`Import.CidVersion`](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/blob/master/docs/config.md#importcidversion) and [`Import.HashFunction`](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/blob/master/docs/config.md#importhashfunction) at daemon startup. Before this fix, the root always used CIDv0/sha2-256 regardless of config. Because the MFS root CID format is now managed by these config options, `ipfs files chcid` no longer accepts the root path `/`. It continues to work on subdirectories.

See [boxo#1125](https://github.com/ipfs/boxo/pull/1125) and [kubo#11273](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/pull/11273).

#### 📂 FUSE Mount Improvements

The FUSE implementation has been rewritten on top of [`hanwen/go-fuse` v2](https://github.com/hanwen/go-fuse), replacing the unmaintained `bazil.org/fuse`. This fixes long-standing architectural limitations and aligns FUSE mounts with what standard tools expect. FUSE support is still experimental. See [docs/fuse.md](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/blob/master/docs/fuse.md) for setup instructions, and report problems at [kubo/issues](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/issues).

- **`fsync` works.** Editors (vim, emacs) and databases that call `fsync` after writing no longer get a silent no-op. Data is flushed through the open file descriptor to the DAG. The full vim save sequence (O_TRUNC + write + fsync + chmod) is tested.
- **`ftruncate` works.** Tools like `rsync --inplace` that shrink or grow files via `ftruncate(fd, size)` no longer get ENOTSUP. Opening existing files with `O_TRUNC` also works correctly.
- **`chmod` and `touch` no longer drop file content.** With `Mounts.StoreMode`/`StoreMtime` enabled, setting mode or mtime previously replaced the DAG node without preserving content links, leaving the file empty.
- **Symlink creation on writable mounts.** `ln -s target link` now works on `/mfs` and `/ipns`. Symlinks are stored as UnixFS TSymlink nodes, the same format used by `ipfs add`.
- **Rename-over-existing works.** Renaming a file onto an existing name (the pattern used by rsync and atomic-save editors) now correctly replaces the target.
- **Faster reads on `/ipfs`.** Files are read sequentially from the block graph instead of re-resolving from the root on every read call.
- **Interrupting a stuck `cat` works.** Ctrl-C or `kill` on a read cancels in-flight block fetches instead of hanging.
- **External unmount detected.** Running `fusermount -u` from outside the daemon now correctly marks the mount as inactive.
- **Files are no longer owned by root.** Mounts report the uid/gid of the daemon process, so access works without `allow_other`.
- **Offline IPNS writes succeed.** IPNS records are stored locally and published when connectivity returns.
- **Empty directories list correctly.** Listing an empty directory on `/ipfs` or `/ipns` no longer returns an error.
- **Bare file CIDs work on `/ipfs`.** Accessing a file by its CID directly under the `/ipfs` mount now works. This was a [long-standing regression](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/issues/9044).
- **Rename works on `/mfs` and `/ipns`.** Renaming a file within the same directory no longer leaves the source behind.
- **IPNS FUSE publish works.** Writing files to `/ipns/local/` now correctly publishes the updated DAG. Previously IPNS publishing from the FUSE mount was silently blocked.
- **Concurrent IPNS file operations no longer race.** The `/ipns` file handle serializes Read, Write, Flush, and Release, matching the `/mfs` mount.
- **IPNS directory operations flush immediately.** Remove and Rename on `/ipns` flush changes to the MFS root, preventing data loss on daemon restart.
- **New files use the correct CID version.** Files created on `/ipns` inherit the parent's CID settings instead of falling back to CIDv0.
- **UnixFS mode and mtime visible in stat.** All three mounts show POSIX mode and mtime from [UnixFS](https://specs.ipfs.tech/unixfs/) metadata when present. When absent, sensible POSIX defaults are used (files: `0644`/`0444`, directories: `0755`/`0555`).
- **Opt-in `Mounts.StoreMtime` and `Mounts.StoreMode`.** Writable mounts can persist mtime on file creation/write and POSIX mode on `chmod` for both files and directories. `touch` on directories also works, which tools like `tar` and `rsync` rely on. Both flags are off by default because they change the resulting CID. See [`Mounts.StoreMtime`](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/blob/master/docs/config.md#mountsstoremtime) and [`Mounts.StoreMode`](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/blob/master/docs/config.md#mountsstoremode).
- **`ipfs.cid` xattr on all mounts.** All three mounts expose the node's CID via the `ipfs.cid` extended attribute on files and directories. The legacy `ipfs_cid` xattr name (used in earlier versions of `/mfs`) is no longer supported; use `ipfs.cid` instead.
- **`statfs` works.** All three mounts report the free space of the volume backing the local IPFS repo, so `/mfs` correctly reflects how much new data fits. Fixes macOS Finder refusing copies with "not enough free space".
- **Per-entry `st_blocks` and `st_blksize` reflect UnixFS.** All three mounts fill `st_blocks` from the UnixFS file size so `du`, `ls -s`, `stat`, and "size on disk" in file managers match `ls -l`. Directories report a nominal 1 block so tools that treat 0 as "unsupported" behave correctly. `st_blksize` advertises a chunk-aligned preferred I/O size: `/mfs` and `/ipns` use [`Import.UnixFSChunker`](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/blob/master/docs/config.md#importunixfschunker), so `cp`, `dd`, and `rsync` buffer writes at the chunker boundary; `/ipfs` uses a stable 1 MiB hint since published CIDs have no single chunker.
- **Platform compatibility.** macOS detection updated from OSXFUSE 2.x to macFUSE 4.x. Linux no longer needs a `fusermount` symlink; [`hanwen/go-fuse`](https://github.com/hanwen/go-fuse) finds `fusermount3` natively.

#### 📦 CARv2 import over HTTP API

`ipfs dag import` of CARv2 files now works over the HTTP API. Previously it failed with `operation not supported`: the HTTP multipart stream falsely advertised seek support, which go-car needs for the CARv2 payload offset. See [#11253](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/pull/11253).

#### 🌐 HTTPS proxy support

Kubo's outbound HTTP clients and libp2p `/ws`+`/wss` peer dials have long honored the standard `HTTPS_PROXY`, `HTTP_PROXY`, and `NO_PROXY` environment variables; this release extends the WebSocket transport to also accept `https://` proxy URLs (TLS to the proxy itself), matching what Kubo's HTTP clients already supported. See [`docs/environment-variables.md`](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/blob/master/docs/environment-variables.md#https_proxy).

#### 🛡️ `server` profile no longer announces loopback and non-public IPv6 addresses

The opt-in [`server` profile](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/blob/master/docs/config.md#server-profile) now also blocks IPv4 loopback (`127.0.0.0/8`) and the IANA-reserved `0000::/3` IPv6 block. Since [v0.40.0](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/blob/master/docs/changelogs/v0.40.md#-libp2p-announces-all-interface-addresses), libp2p has enumerated all local interfaces, causing public `server`-profile nodes (including the default IPFS bootstrappers) to leak loopback and unallocated IPv6 prefixes like `1e::/16` through libp2p identify and DHT self-records (see [go-libp2p#3460](https://github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p/issues/3460)).

Default-configured nodes are unaffected. To pick up the new entries on an existing `server`-profile node:

```console
$ ipfs config profile apply server
```

The command is idempotent. See the [`server` profile docs](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/blob/master/docs/config.md#server-profile) for the full filter list, RFC references, and override guidance.

> [!WARNING]
> The `server` profile disables local peer discovery ([`Discovery.MDNS`](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/blob/master/docs/config.md#discoverymdns) off, loopback filtered), so co-located daemons on the same host and peers on the same LAN will no longer find each other automatically. Apply only on public-internet nodes where that is intended.

#### 🐹 Go 1.26, Once More with Feeling

Kubo first shipped with [Go 1.26](https://go.dev/doc/go1.26) in v0.40.0, but [v0.40.1](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/blob/master/docs/changelogs/v0.40.md#v0401) had to downgrade to Go 1.25 because of a Windows crash in Go's overlapped I/O layer ([#11214](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/issues/11214)). Go 1.26.2 fixes that regression upstream ([golang/go#78041](https://github.com/golang/go/issues/78041)), so Kubo is back on Go 1.26 across all platforms.

You should see lower memory usage and reduced GC pauses thanks to the new Green Tea garbage collector (10-40% less GC overhead). Reading block data and API responses is faster due to `io.ReadAll` improvements (~2x faster, ~50% less memory). On 64-bit platforms, heap base address randomization adds a layer of security hardening.

#### 🐛 Fixed long-standing random daemon crashes during DHT lookups

Long-running daemons could exit with `invalid memory address or nil pointer dereference` or similar memory errors while handling DHT traffic. The cause was a data race in the routing layer that had been latent for years: `PublishQueryEvent` handed `QueryEvent.Responses` to subscribers (like `findprovs`) by pointer while the publisher kept mutating the same `AddrInfo.Addrs` slices.

Two recent changes likely tipped the race into frequent visible crashes: [go-multiaddr v0.15](https://github.com/multiformats/go-multiaddr/releases/tag/v0.15.0) turned `Multiaddr` from an interface into a slice-backed struct, and [Go 1.26](https://go.dev/doc/go1.26) added heap base address randomization and a new garbage collector. Both likely made torn concurrent reads more likely to dereference unmapped memory.

This release picks up the targeted fix in [go-libp2p-kad-dht#1244](https://github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p-kad-dht/pull/1244). A broader fix for the whole class of routing publish races is proposed upstream in [go-libp2p#3490](https://github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p/pull/3490).

#### 📦️ Dependency updates

- update `go-libp2p` to [v0.48.0](https://github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p/releases/tag/v0.48.0)
- update `go-libp2p-kad-dht` to [v0.39.1](https://github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p-kad-dht/releases/tag/v0.39.1) (incl. [v0.39.0](https://github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p-kad-dht/releases/tag/v0.39.0))
- update `ipfs-webui` to [v4.12.0](https://github.com/ipfs/ipfs-webui/releases/tag/v4.12.0)
- update `gateway-conformance` tests to [v0.13](https://github.com/ipfs/gateway-conformance/releases/tag/v0.13.0) (incl. [v0.12](https://github.com/ipfs/gateway-conformance/releases/tag/v0.12.0), [v0.11](https://github.com/ipfs/gateway-conformance/releases/tag/v0.11.0))
- update `boxo` to [v0.39.0](https://github.com/ipfs/boxo/releases/tag/v0.39.0) (incl. [v0.38.0](https://github.com/ipfs/boxo/releases/tag/v0.38.0))
- update `go-cid` to [v0.6.1](https://github.com/ipfs/go-cid/releases/tag/v0.6.1) (pulls in `go-multibase` [v0.3.0](https://github.com/multiformats/go-multibase/releases/tag/v0.3.0) with up to 5x faster base58 encoding for CIDv0)
- update `p2p-forge/client` to [v0.8.0](https://github.com/ipshipyard/p2p-forge/releases/tag/v0.8.0)

### 📝 Changelog

<details><summary>Full Changelog</summary>

- github.com/ipfs/kubo:
  - fix(pins): snapshot index before emitting pins (#11290) ([ipfs/kubo#11290](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/pull/11290))
  - Upgrade to Boxo v0.39.0 (#11294) ([ipfs/kubo#11294](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/pull/11294))
  - fix(log): scope provide logs to "provider" subsystem (#11289) ([ipfs/kubo#11289](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/pull/11289))
  - chore: set version to v0.41.0-rc2
  - fix(defaultServerFilters): strip loopback and non-public  (#11286) ([ipfs/kubo#11286](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/pull/11286))
  - chore: bump p2p-forge to v0.8.0 (#11285) ([ipfs/kubo#11285](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/pull/11285))
  - fix: queryevent addrinfo race in kad-dht (#11288) ([ipfs/kubo#11288](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/pull/11288))
  - fix(examples): avoid bitswap race, use ed25519 (#11282) ([ipfs/kubo#11282](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/pull/11282))
  - docs: fix v0.41 changelog highlights
  - fix(fuse): accurate `st_blocks` and `st_blksize` (#11280) ([ipfs/kubo#11280](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/pull/11280))
  - chore: set version to v0.41.0-rc1
  - test(fuse): fix racy Statfs assertions
  - fix(cli/rpc): --cid-base works in all commands (#11239) ([ipfs/kubo#11239](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/pull/11239))
  - feat(fuse): Statfs (#11261) ([ipfs/kubo#11261](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/pull/11261))
  - feat: add built-in `ipfs update` command (#11203) ([ipfs/kubo#11203](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/pull/11203))
  - fix(filestore): respect Provide.Strategy (#11243) ([ipfs/kubo#11243](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/pull/11243))
  - feat(provide): +unique and +entities strategy modifiers (#11245) ([ipfs/kubo#11245](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/pull/11245))
  - fix(fuse): switch to hanwen/go-fuse (#11272) ([ipfs/kubo#11272](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/pull/11272))
  - Upgrade to Boxo v0.38.0 (#11276) ([ipfs/kubo#11276](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/pull/11276))
  - feat: go 1.26.2 (#11275) ([ipfs/kubo#11275](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/pull/11275))
  - fix(mfs): respect Import config (#11273) ([ipfs/kubo#11273](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/pull/11273))
  - fix(fuse): IPNS writes actually publish (#11271) ([ipfs/kubo#11271](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/pull/11271))
  - fix(mfs): fix fsync deadlock, set attrs, disable default caching (#11255) ([ipfs/kubo#11255](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/pull/11255))
  - ci: update gateway-conformance to v0.13 (#11262) ([ipfs/kubo#11262](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/pull/11262))
  - fix(rpc): CARv2 import over HTTP API (#11253) ([ipfs/kubo#11253](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/pull/11253))
  - chore: fix gofmt (#11256) ([ipfs/kubo#11256](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/pull/11256))
  - fix: replace deprecated otelhttp.WithMetricAttributesFn (#11257) ([ipfs/kubo#11257](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/pull/11257))
  - fix(rpc): validate UnixFS in `object patch` (#11248) ([ipfs/kubo#11248](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/pull/11248))
  - fix(cmd): use restrictive file permissions for exported keys (#11246) ([ipfs/kubo#11246](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/pull/11246))
  - chore: add go-libp2p and kad-dht bumps to v0.41 changelog
  - feat(cmd): add 'ipfs cid inspect' command (#11241) ([ipfs/kubo#11241](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/pull/11241))
  - fix(provider): purge keystore datastore after reset (#11198) ([ipfs/kubo#11198](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/pull/11198))
  - fix: correct provider addresses for custom HTTP routing (#11234) ([ipfs/kubo#11234](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/pull/11234))
  - fix(rpc/pin): return error if listing an invalid, but known, pin type (#11238) ([ipfs/kubo#11238](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/pull/11238))
  - fix: validate --max-hamt-fanout CLI flag per UnixFS spec (#11230) ([ipfs/kubo#11230](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/pull/11230))
  - test: fix flaky tests on ci (#11236) ([ipfs/kubo#11236](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/pull/11236))
  - docs: use specs.ipfs.tech links for merged IPIPs (#11228) ([ipfs/kubo#11228](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/pull/11228))
  - chore: add changelog placeholder for v0.42
  - chore: update webui to v4.12.0 (#11221) ([ipfs/kubo#11221](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/pull/11221))
  - fix(windows): revert update to Go 1.26 (#11215) ([ipfs/kubo#11215](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/pull/11215))
  - docs: streamline release checklist ordering and dependencies (#11193) ([ipfs/kubo#11193](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/pull/11193))
  - Merge release v0.40.0 ([ipfs/kubo#11212](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/pull/11212))
  - fix(metrics): disable otel exemplars to prevent rune overflow (#11211) ([ipfs/kubo#11211](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/pull/11211))
  - fix: drop high-cardinality server.address from http_server metrics (#11208) ([ipfs/kubo#11208](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/pull/11208))
  - test(gateway-conformance): update to v0.11 (#11207) ([ipfs/kubo#11207](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/pull/11207))
  - chore: update webui to v4.11.1 (#11204) ([ipfs/kubo#11204](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/pull/11204))
  - docs: add AGENTS.md with instructions for AI coding agents (#11200) ([ipfs/kubo#11200](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/pull/11200))
  - fix: improve `ipfs name put` for IPNS record republishing (#11199) ([ipfs/kubo#11199](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/pull/11199))
  - Upgrade to Boxo v0.37.0 (#11201) ([ipfs/kubo#11201](https://github.com/ipfs/kubo/pull/11201))
  - chore: prepare master for v0.41.0-dev cycle
- github.com/ipfs/bbloom (v0.0.4 -> v0.1.0):
  - chore: bump version to v0.1.0
  - docs: explain why this fork exists and how IPFS uses it
  - docs: add examples and improve godoc for exported symbols
  - chore: fix LICENSE for GitHub and pkg.go.dev detection
  - feat: allow caller-provided SipHash keys (#30) ([ipfs/bbloom#30](https://github.com/ipfs/bbloom/pull/30))
  - fix: make double-hash step always odd and non-zero (#29) ([ipfs/bbloom#29](https://github.com/ipfs/bbloom/pull/29))
  - test: false positive bloom filter test and test data generated (#15) ([ipfs/bbloom#15](https://github.com/ipfs/bbloom/pull/15))
  - docs: add doc.go and godoc comments for all public symbols (#28) ([ipfs/bbloom#28](https://github.com/ipfs/bbloom/pull/28))
  - docs: update README and add benchmarks
  - Update collision_test.go
  - fix: stop using math/rand.Read
  - sync: update CI config files (#16) ([ipfs/bbloom#16](https://github.com/ipfs/bbloom/pull/16))
  - sync: update CI config files (#13) ([ipfs/bbloom#13](https://github.com/ipfs/bbloom/pull/13))
  - cleanup: fix staticcheck failures ([ipfs/bbloom#8](https://github.com/ipfs/bbloom/pull/8))
  - Add LICENSE (copied from upstream)
- github.com/ipfs/boxo (v0.37.0 -> v0.39.0):
  - Release v0.39.0 ([ipfs/boxo#1149](https://github.com/ipfs/boxo/pull/1149))
  - fix: pinner shutdown race (#1146) ([ipfs/boxo#1146](https://github.com/ipfs/boxo/pull/1146))
  - fix(bitswap): prevent low-pending peer starvation (#1143) ([ipfs/boxo#1143](https://github.com/ipfs/boxo/pull/1143))
  - fix(bitswap/bsnet): close streams in background (#1144) ([ipfs/boxo#1144](https://github.com/ipfs/boxo/pull/1144))
  - fix(dspinner): snapshot index before emitting pins (#1140) ([ipfs/boxo#1140](https://github.com/ipfs/boxo/pull/1140))
  - feat(gateway): add content size limits for responses (#1138) ([ipfs/boxo#1138](https://github.com/ipfs/boxo/pull/1138))
  - test(dag/walker): fix flaky bloom FP assertion (#1139) ([ipfs/boxo#1139](https://github.com/ipfs/boxo/pull/1139))
  - Release v0.38.0 ([ipfs/boxo#1137](https://github.com/ipfs/boxo/pull/1137))
  - feat(ipns): Support adding custom metadata to IPNS record (#1085) ([ipfs/boxo#1085](https://github.com/ipfs/boxo/pull/1085))
  - feat(dag/walker): opt-in BloomTracker to avoid duplicated walks (#1124) ([ipfs/boxo#1124](https://github.com/ipfs/boxo/pull/1124))
  - fix(mfs): prevent flushUp from re-adding unlinked entries (#1134) ([ipfs/boxo#1134](https://github.com/ipfs/boxo/pull/1134))
  - fix(mfs): serialize all FileDescriptor operations (#1133) ([ipfs/boxo#1133](https://github.com/ipfs/boxo/pull/1133))
  - fix(mfs): prevent panic on concurrent flush and close (#1131) ([ipfs/boxo#1131](https://github.com/ipfs/boxo/pull/1131))
  - fix(mfs): preserve CidBuilder object in setNodeData(), Mkdir() and NewRoot() (#1125) ([ipfs/boxo#1125](https://github.com/ipfs/boxo/pull/1125))
  - test(gateway): cover bare CID etag match for dir listings (#1129) ([ipfs/boxo#1129](https://github.com/ipfs/boxo/pull/1129))
  - chore(gateway): bump gateway-conformance to v0.13 (#1130) ([ipfs/boxo#1130](https://github.com/ipfs/boxo/pull/1130))
  - docs: add missing godoc  (#1122) ([ipfs/boxo#1122](https://github.com/ipfs/boxo/pull/1122))
  - fix(bitswap/httpnet): infer default port for portless HTTP multiaddrs (#1123) ([ipfs/boxo#1123](https://github.com/ipfs/boxo/pull/1123))
  - upgrade to go-libp2p v0.48.0 (#1120) ([ipfs/boxo#1120](https://github.com/ipfs/boxo/pull/1120))
  - feat(routing/http/client): add WithProviderInfoFunc for lazy address resolution (#1115) ([ipfs/boxo#1115](https://github.com/ipfs/boxo/pull/1115))
  - chore: remove stale boxo-migrate references from README (#1119) ([ipfs/boxo#1119](https://github.com/ipfs/boxo/pull/1119))
  - fix(bitswap): ignore identity CIDs instead of killing connection (#1117) ([ipfs/boxo#1117](https://github.com/ipfs/boxo/pull/1117))
  - chore(gateway): remove dead DoH resolver for .crypto TLD (#1118) ([ipfs/boxo#1118](https://github.com/ipfs/boxo/pull/1118))
  - feat: custom chunker registry (#1116) ([ipfs/boxo#1116](https://github.com/ipfs/boxo/pull/1116))
  - refactor: remove go-ipfs migration and deprecation code (#1113) ([ipfs/boxo#1113](https://github.com/ipfs/boxo/pull/1113))
- github.com/ipfs/go-cid (v0.6.0 -> v0.6.1):
  - v0.6.1 bump (#183) ([ipfs/go-cid#183](https://github.com/ipfs/go-cid/pull/183))
- github.com/ipfs/go-ds-dynamodb (v0.2.0 -> v0.2.2):
  - new version (#17) ([ipfs/go-ds-dynamodb#17](https://github.com/ipfs/go-ds-dynamodb/pull/17))
  - update go-datastore (#16) ([ipfs/go-ds-dynamodb#16](https://github.com/ipfs/go-ds-dynamodb/pull/16))
  - new version (#15) ([ipfs/go-ds-dynamodb#15](https://github.com/ipfs/go-ds-dynamodb/pull/15))
  - use go-datastore without goprocess (#14) ([ipfs/go-ds-dynamodb#14](https://github.com/ipfs/go-ds-dynamodb/pull/14))
- github.com/ipfs/go-ds-pebble (v0.5.9 -> v0.5.10):
  - new version (#84) ([ipfs/go-ds-pebble#84](https://github.com/ipfs/go-ds-pebble/pull/84))
  - provide function to access underlying database (#82) ([ipfs/go-ds-pebble#82](https://github.com/ipfs/go-ds-pebble/pull/82))
  - replace deprecated `iter.Value` with `iter.ValueAndErr` (#80) ([ipfs/go-ds-pebble#80](https://github.com/ipfs/go-ds-pebble/pull/80))
- github.com/ipfs/go-ipld-legacy (v0.2.2 -> v0.3.0):
  - new version ([ipfs/go-ipld-legacy#29](https://github.com/ipfs/go-ipld-legacy/pull/29))
  - Clean up README.md formatting and content
  - modernize code ([ipfs/go-ipld-legacy#28](https://github.com/ipfs/go-ipld-legacy/pull/28))
- github.com/ipfs/go-test (v0.2.3 -> v0.3.0):
  - new version (#35) ([ipfs/go-test#35](https://github.com/ipfs/go-test/pull/35))
  - feat: functions to generate random AddrInfo (#34) ([ipfs/go-test#34](https://github.com/ipfs/go-test/pull/34))
- github.com/ipld/go-ipld-prime (v0.22.0 -> v0.23.0):
  failed to fetch repo
- github.com/ipshipyard/p2p-forge (v0.7.0 -> v0.8.0):
  - chore: v0.8.0 with dependency updates (#86) ([ipshipyard/p2p-forge#86](https://github.com/ipshipyard/p2p-forge/pull/86))
  - fix: bump Dockerfile to Go 1.25 (#85) ([ipshipyard/p2p-forge#85](https://github.com/ipshipyard/p2p-forge/pull/85))
  - feat: add ovh2 nameserver to libp2p.direct zone (#84) ([ipshipyard/p2p-forge#84](https://github.com/ipshipyard/p2p-forge/pull/84))
- github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p (v0.47.0 -> v0.48.0):
  - Release v0.48.0
  - refactor(webtransport): Use keygen package for deterministic ecdsa key generation.
  - Bump transport interop Go toolchain
  - basichost: advertise all interface addrs for unspecified listen addrs (#3468) ([libp2p/go-libp2p#3468](https://github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p/pull/3468))
  - fix(mocknet): make stream deadline methods noop instead of returning error  (#3471) ([libp2p/go-libp2p#3471](https://github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p/pull/3471))
  - webrtc: upgrade pion deps (#3469) ([libp2p/go-libp2p#3469](https://github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p/pull/3469))
  - refactor: apply go fix modernizers from Go 1.26 (#3463) ([libp2p/go-libp2p#3463](https://github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p/pull/3463))
  - quicreuse: fix incorrect skip in TestReuseListenOnSpecificInterface (#3417) ([libp2p/go-libp2p#3417](https://github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p/pull/3417))
  - cleanup dcutr legacy behavior and add fallback
  - Remove assertion that assumes a certain CI network environment
- github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p-kad-dht (v0.38.0 -> v0.39.1):
  - chore: release v0.39.1 (#1245) ([libp2p/go-libp2p-kad-dht#1245](https://github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p-kad-dht/pull/1245))
  - fix: data race on AddrInfo.Addrs in queryPeer (#1244) ([libp2p/go-libp2p-kad-dht#1244](https://github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p-kad-dht/pull/1244))
  - fix(provider): reduce provide log verbosity (#1243) ([libp2p/go-libp2p-kad-dht#1243](https://github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p-kad-dht/pull/1243))
  - tests: fix flaky TestStartProvidingSingle (#1242) ([libp2p/go-libp2p-kad-dht#1242](https://github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p-kad-dht/pull/1242))
  - chore: release v0.39.0 (#1240) ([libp2p/go-libp2p-kad-dht#1240](https://github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p-kad-dht/pull/1240))
  - feat(provider/keystore): alt datastore wipe (#1233) ([libp2p/go-libp2p-kad-dht#1233](https://github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p-kad-dht/pull/1233))
  - Expose provider record TTL as options (#1237) ([libp2p/go-libp2p-kad-dht#1237](https://github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p-kad-dht/pull/1237))
- github.com/multiformats/go-multibase (v0.2.0 -> v0.3.0):
  - chore: release v0.3.0 (#70) ([multiformats/go-multibase#70](https://github.com/multiformats/go-multibase/pull/70))
  - test: update spec submodule (#69) ([multiformats/go-multibase#69](https://github.com/multiformats/go-multibase/pull/69))
  - chore: bump base58 version (#67) ([multiformats/go-multibase#67](https://github.com/multiformats/go-multibase/pull/67))

</details>

### 👨‍👩‍👧‍👦 Contributors

| Contributor | Commits | Lines ± | Files Changed |
|-------------|---------|---------|---------------|
| [@lidel](https://github.com/lidel) | 71 | +18331/-4390 | 358 |
| [@gammazero](https://github.com/gammazero) | 24 | +810/-1409 | 165 |
| [@guillaumemichel](https://github.com/guillaumemichel) | 4 | +1302/-105 | 15 |
| [@wjmelements](https://github.com/wjmelements) | 3 | +780/-160 | 26 |
| [@davidebeatrici](https://github.com/davidebeatrici) | 1 | +428/-211 | 7 |
| [@phaseloop](https://github.com/phaseloop) | 1 | +533/-7 | 6 |
| [@jolo18](https://github.com/jolo18) | 1 | +370/-5 | 4 |
| [@alanshaw](https://github.com/alanshaw) | 1 | +272/-31 | 6 |
| [@sukunrt](https://github.com/sukunrt) | 2 | +14/-208 | 6 |
| [@snissn](https://github.com/snissn) | 1 | +7/-157 | 2 |
| [@phillebaba](https://github.com/phillebaba) | 1 | +116/-30 | 5 |
| [@HarukaMa](https://github.com/HarukaMa) | 1 | +125/-9 | 4 |
| [@rayspock](https://github.com/rayspock) | 1 | +118/-14 | 3 |
| [@MarcoPolo](https://github.com/MarcoPolo) | 5 | +33/-66 | 6 |
| [@jpserrat](https://github.com/jpserrat) | 1 | +10/-45 | 3 |
| [@aschmahmann](https://github.com/aschmahmann) | 2 | +35/-2 | 4 |
| [@hsanjuan](https://github.com/hsanjuan) | 1 | +35/-0 | 1 |
| [@walldiss](https://github.com/walldiss) | 1 | +6/-12 | 1 |
| [@web3-bot](https://github.com/web3-bot) | 4 | +4/-4 | 4 |
| [@iand](https://github.com/iand) | 1 | +4/-2 | 1 |
| [@mr-tron](https://github.com/mr-tron) | 1 | +1/-1 | 1 |

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